VIENNA — Hannah Höch’s artwork was disruptive, irreverent, and, for its time, extraordinarily loud. It presaged, by at the least 80 years, present-day discourse over the ubiquity of mass-media imagery within the digital age. Assembled Worlds on the Belvedere Museum is the primary main museum retrospective in Austria devoted to the long-lasting German artist. She was a number one determine of the Berlin Dada motion and is credited as one of many inventors of collage and photomontage. A prestigious German award for ladies artists is called after Höch, whose commentaries on the mass-media typecasting of girls — that includes fashionable-looking figures with monstrous heads or smiles, or no heads — delivered a subversive important blow to bourgeois views on gender and sophistication as single girls entered the work pressure and have become a consumerist demographic for the primary time.
With the rise of Nationwide Socialism, Höch’s social commentary took a darkish and disturbing flip; her works penetrated the ideological abyss of fascism and uncovered its murderous propaganda. To scale back her work to the political can be a mistake, nevertheless: True to her Dada origins, it was her sharp wit and love of nonsense that prevailed. Assembled Worlds focuses on Höch’s photomontages and her understanding of them as “static movies,” presenting them alongside experimental movies by artists comparable to Hans Richter, László Moholy-Nagy, and Fernand Léger. The juxtaposition is revealing; it highlights her use of rhythm as an abbreviation of time and demonstrates the methods during which the montage method and its abrupt cuts — as within the photomontage “English Dancer” (1928), with its mask-like face constructed from superimposed layers of morphing identities — have been higher suited to conveying the disjointed political, social, and moral realities of the trendy age.
Höch’s works have been brash and trendy, and wielded their energy by way of photographs taken from the newest shiny journals. Her sharp-witted analyses of contemporary visible tradition tapped into the favored iconography and crises of the interwar years, contextualized within the movies proven within the exhibition: the lingering trauma from WWI; the confluence of hyperinflation and reckless hedonism in the course of the Weimar interval; the explosion of technological advances; the emergence of a brand new, never-before-seen media-driven commercialism; and redefined gender roles and the social nervousness they impressed. “The Father” (1920) deconstructs patriarchal authority as girls athletes dance round a person in drag cradling a child to whom a boxer delivers a blow. And the menacing hen in “Flight” (1931), made two years earlier than Hitler got here to energy, foreshadows the peril, persecution, and dehumanization to come back. In 1933, Höch’s works have been denounced as “cultural Bolshevism” and she or he was banned from exhibiting. She buried her archive in her backyard within the Berlin suburb of Heiligensee to reserve it (and herself) from the destiny that befell a lot of her avant-garde artist associates, who have been deemed “entartet” (“degenerate”), and persecuted or killed, their artworks ridiculed and destroyed.
After World Struggle II, Höch more and more devoted herself to Surrealism. Her works grew to become extra fantastical, extra related to nature and its timeless rhythms, extra visionary: within the photomontage “Vivace” (1955), hints of an eye fixed, lip, and collar appear to recommend an id in flux, a dreamlike countenance in fixed movement. But the World Struggle II-era photographs are probably the most charming, comparable to “Hungarian Rhapsody,” a collage from 1940, the 12 months Hungary joined the Axis powers. An androgynous determine someplace between a circus acrobat and a soldier is suspended in a precarious steadiness on a big wheel; a number of looming centrifugal patterns are about to slide between the wheel’s spokes and yank the determine right into a funnel under. Above, within the sky, is a softly undulating contour, like a line of froth left by waves on a seaside — or maybe it’s a thunderhead, ominously chopping throughout the darkening sky.
Hannah Höch: Assembled Worlds continues on the Belvedere Museum (Rennweg 6, Vienna, Austria) by way of October 6. The exhibition was curated by Martin Waldmeier of Zentrum Paul Klee, with Assistant Curators Johanna Hofer and Ana Petrovic.